Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a disease where kidney cells grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. The most common type is RENAL cell carcinoma (RCC), accounting for about 90% of cases. Other types include transitional cell carcinoma and Wilms tumor, which mainly affect children.

Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of kidney cancer is unknown, but certain factors increase the risk, including:

  • Smoking – Increases the risk of damaging kidney cells.
  • Obesity – Excess weight can lead to hormonal changes that promote cancer growth.
  • High Blood Pressure – Affects kidney function and increases cancer risk.
  • Family History – Having close relatives with kidney cancer raises susceptibility.
  • Exposure to Toxins – Chemicals like asbestos and cadmium may contribute to the disease.

Signs and Symptoms

  • Kidney cancer often remains asymptomatic in its early stages, but as it progresses, symptoms may include:
  • Blood in urine (hematuria) – Can appear pink, red, or cola-colored.
  • Lower back pain – Persistent pain on one side of the back.
  • Unexplained weight loss – Significant weight loss without changes in diet.
  • Fatigue and weakness – General body weakness and tiredness.
  • A lump in the abdomen – Can be felt near the kidneys.

Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis involves imaging tests (CT scan, MRI, ultrasound) and biopsy for confirmation.

Treatment options include:

  • Surgery – Removing part or all of the kidney.
  • Targeted Therapy – Medications that block cancer cell growth.
  • Immunotherapy – Boosts the immune system to fight cancer.
  • Radiation Therapy – Used in some cases to shrink tumors.
  • Early detection improves survival rates, making regular check-ups essential. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and managing risk factors can help reduce the chances of developing kidney cancer.